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SQL operator SELECT TOP

29 June 2020

SQL operator SELECT TOP

SQL operator SELECT TOP is used to extract records from one or more tables in a database and limit the number of records to be returned based on a fixed value or percentage.

Tip: SELECT TOP is a private version of Microsoft to limit your results and can be used in databases such as SQL Server and MSAccess. For other SQL databases, try the SELECT LIMIT operator.

Syntax for the SELECT TOP statement in SQL

SELECT TOP (t_value) [ PERCENT ]
 expressions
 FROM tabs
 [WHERE conds]
 [ORDER BY expressions [ ASC | DESC ]];

where:

  • TOP (t_value) – It will return the maximum number of rows in the result set based on top_value. For example, TOP(10) will return the first 10 rows of the full set of results.
  • PERCENT  – It’s optional. If PERCENT is specified, the top rows are based on percentage of the total set of results (as specified in t_value). For example, TOP(10) PERCENT will return the top 10% of the full set of results.
  • expressions – Columns or calculations that you want to get
  • tabs – The tables from which you want the records. The FROM sentence must contain at least one table
  • WHERE conds – It’s optional. Conditions to be met for entries to be selected
  • ORDER BY – It’s optional. It is used in the SELECT TOP operator so that you can organize the results and select the records that you want to return. ASC is an ascending order, and DESC is a descending order.

Using TOP keyword

Let’s look at the SQL example where we use the TOP keyword in the SELECT statement. For example.

SELECT TOP(5)
      cont_id,
    l_name,
    f_name
  FROM conts
WHERE l_name = 'Kidman'
ORDER BY cont_id;

In this SQL example SELECT TOP will select the first 5 records from the contacts table, where l_name equals ‘Kidman’. If there are other records with l_name ‘Kidman’ in the contacts table, they will not be returned by the SELECT statement.

Using TOP PERCENT keyword

Let’s look at the SQL example where we use the TOP PERCENT keyword in the SELECT statement. For example.

SELECT TOP(10) PERCENT
    cont_id,
    l_name,
    f_name
  FROM conts
WHERE l_name = 'Kidman'
ORDER BY cont_id;

This SQL example SELECT TOP would select the first 10% of records from the full result set. Thus, in this example, the SELECT operator would return the first 10% of records from the contacts table, where l_name is ‘Kidman’. The remaining 90% of the result set will not be returned by the SELECT operator.

SQL SELECT TOP Clause – Learn SQL

 
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